"Mindful of its more than thousand-year history", the Bavarian constitution was adopted in 1946, according to its preamble. The wording suggests historical continuity and social stability. However, if you look at the 19th century, the territorial changes immediately catch the eye: between 1799 and 1815, the old Bavarian pentagon became the modern Bavarian state, with around a third more territory and almost twice as many inhabitants. However, by no means all the "new Bavarians" in Franconia, Swabia and the Palatinate were thrilled to be under Wittelsbach rule and to be governed from Munich - and the monarchs were well aware that their land and their rule were fragile.
The discussion examines how the various Bavarian kings and their governments reacted to the internal and external challenges (especially from the national movement, which sought a unified German nation state that would mean the end of an independent Bavaria) and what strategies they developed to stabilize the country and their rule.
The historian Dr. Katharina Weigand worked as a senior academic advisor at the LMU Munich, specializing in Bavarian history and didactics of history, most recently at the university archive. She is now involved as a lecturer in the LMU's senior studies program.
The historian Prof. Dr. Jörg Zedler received his doctorate with a biography of the last Bavarian diplomat at the Holy See, Otto von Ritter, and habilitated with a thesis entitled "Nützliche Leichen. Monarch burials in Bavaria and Belgium (1825-1935). After filling in as Professor of Modern and Contemporary History at LMU Munich (2023-2025), he is currently at the Chair of Bavarian Regional History at the University of Regensburg.
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